Volumnia

Volumnia was a noble Roman woman, the mother of Gaius Marcius Coriolanus. She is best known for her role in dissuading her son from attacking Rome.

Life and Significance:

Volumnia belonged to the patrician class, a segment of Roman society known for its wealth, political influence, and noble lineage. As a Roman matron, her role was primarily centered around the family and the raising of children, particularly sons who would uphold the family name and serve the state.

Volumnia's prominence stems from an incident during the early Roman Republic. Her son, Gaius Marcius Coriolanus, a renowned military hero, was exiled from Rome due to his aristocratic arrogance and opposition to policies favoring the plebeians (common citizens). Enraged, Coriolanus allied himself with the Volscians, a people Rome had frequently fought against, and led an army towards his former city with the intent of conquering it.

As Coriolanus approached Rome, the Senate sent numerous envoys to plead with him to withdraw. However, he remained steadfast in his desire for revenge. Desperate, the Romans sent Volumnia, accompanied by Coriolanus’ wife Virgilia, and his sons, to intercede.

Volumnia's plea proved successful. She appealed to her son's sense of duty to Rome, his family, and his own reputation. She argued that by attacking Rome, he would forever be remembered as a traitor, sacrificing his honor and the well-being of his family for personal vengeance. She also emphasized the potential devastation his actions would inflict upon the city and its people.

Moved by his mother's words and the sight of his family, Coriolanus relented and withdrew his forces. This act of filial piety, as well as her eloquence and persuasive power, solidified Volumnia's place in Roman history and legend.

Legacy:

Volumnia is often portrayed as a symbol of Roman virtue, maternal influence, and the importance of familial duty. Her story has been recounted and adapted in various literary works, most notably William Shakespeare's play Coriolanus, where she is depicted as a strong and influential figure. Her character embodies the Roman ideal of a mother who is willing to sacrifice her own son's ambitions for the good of the state and the preservation of peace. She continues to be studied as an example of female agency and influence within the constraints of ancient Roman society.