Translation (Mormonism)

In the context of Mormonism, "translation" carries multiple meanings, referring not only to conventional linguistic conversion between languages but also to a process of divine transmission and alteration of texts, and to a physical transformation of individuals. The term is central to understanding the origins and unique scripture of the Latter-day Saint movement.

Scriptural Translation:

• The Book of Mormon: Joseph Smith claimed to have translated the Book of Mormon from gold plates containing engravings in a language referred to as "reformed Egyptian." He stated that he translated the record by the "gift and power of God," using instruments such as the Urim and Thummim (interpreters) and a seer stone. This process is not generally understood within Mormonism as a traditional linguistic translation but rather as a revelatory experience where Smith received the meaning and then dictated the text in English. The mechanics of this process are a matter of faith and varying interpretations among members.

• The Joseph Smith Translation (JST) of the Bible: Also known as the Inspired Version, this refers to Joseph Smith's revision of the King James Version of the Bible. Smith believed that the original biblical texts had been altered or lost over time, and that he was called to restore "plain and precious" truths through divine inspiration. The JST is not a translation from original Hebrew or Greek manuscripts but is instead a revision based on the KJV, with additions, deletions, and changes believed to be divinely prompted.

Translation as Physical Transformation:

Mormon theology also includes the concept of "translated beings," individuals who are changed so that they do not experience death or pain until their resurrection. These individuals are considered to be performing a special ministry on earth. The Book of Mormon describes individuals being "translated" and mentions the belief that the Apostle John was translated. The Doctrine and Covenants speaks of translated beings having power over death and using this power to minister. This concept is distinct from resurrection or ascension.