Tiphiinae

Tiphiinae is a subfamily of wasps belonging to the family Tiphiidae. These wasps are generally parasitoids of soil-dwelling insect larvae, particularly beetle grubs.

Characteristics:

Tiphiinae wasps are typically robust, medium-sized to large wasps. Key characteristics include:

• Body Shape: Typically elongated and cylindrical.
• Coloration: Often black, sometimes with red, yellow, or white markings.
• Wings: Possess fully developed wings in most species, although some females are wingless or brachypterous (short-winged).
• Legs: Legs are adapted for digging.
• Sexual Dimorphism: Marked differences often exist between males and females in size, wing structure, and antennal morphology.
• Sting: Females possess a stinger that is used to paralyze their host.

Life Cycle and Behavior:

Female Tiphiinae wasps locate beetle larvae in the soil. They paralyze the larva with their sting and then lay an egg on or near the host. The wasp larva hatches and feeds on the beetle larva, eventually killing it. The wasp larva then pupates within the soil, eventually emerging as an adult.

Males are often seen flying low to the ground, searching for females.

Distribution:

Tiphiinae wasps are found worldwide, with a greater diversity in warmer climates.

Ecological Importance:

Tiphiinae wasps play a role in regulating populations of soil-dwelling insects, some of which may be agricultural pests.

Taxonomy:

The classification of Tiphiidae and its subfamilies has been subject to revision. Traditionally, Tiphiinae was considered a subfamily within Tiphiidae. More recent phylogenetic studies may propose alternative classifications, but the name Tiphiinae is generally retained to refer to this grouping of wasps. Specific genera included in Tiphiinae can vary depending on the taxonomic authority.