Tidal (king)

Tidal was a king mentioned in the Book of Genesis (Genesis 14). He is described as "king of Goiim," and formed part of a coalition of kings, along with Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, and Chedorlaomer king of Elam, who waged war against a group of five kings in the region of the Dead Sea.

The historicity of Tidal and the other kings mentioned in Genesis 14 is debated by scholars. There is no independent corroboration of their existence or their campaign from other ancient sources. Some scholars attempt to identify these kings with known figures from Mesopotamian history, but these identifications remain speculative.

The term "Goiim" in Hebrew means "nations" or "Gentiles." Consequently, the location and nature of Tidal's kingdom are uncertain. Some interpretations suggest Goiim refers to a region in northern Mesopotamia, while others view it as a more general designation for a coalition of peoples.

Tidal's role in the Genesis narrative is primarily as a participant in the war described in Genesis 14, which culminates in the capture of Lot, Abraham's nephew, and his subsequent rescue by Abraham. The significance of this event lies in its connection to the Abrahamic covenant and God's protection of Abraham and his descendants.

While Tidal himself is a relatively minor character in the overall narrative, his presence contributes to the broader historical and geographical context of the early chapters of Genesis.