Tian Hua

Tian Hua (天花) refers primarily to Smallpox.

In traditional Chinese medicine and historical contexts, "Tian Hua" denotes the highly contagious and often deadly disease caused by the variola virus. Characterized by a distinctive skin rash with fluid-filled blisters that scab over, Smallpox left survivors with permanent scars. The disease was a significant public health concern for centuries, causing widespread epidemics and high mortality rates.

The term "Tian Hua" may also be used more loosely to refer to other similar skin eruptions or pox-like diseases, but its primary and most significant association remains with Smallpox. Thanks to global vaccination efforts led by the World Health Organization, Smallpox was officially eradicated in 1980, making "Tian Hua" a disease largely confined to historical and medical literature.

Beyond its medical significance, the term "Tian Hua" also carries cultural and historical weight, reflecting the profound impact the disease had on Chinese society and medicine. Mentions of Tian Hua can be found in historical records, literature, and traditional medical texts.