The Martyrdom of St Stephen (Annibale Carracci)

The Martyrdom of St. Stephen (Annibale Carracci) is a painting created by the Italian Baroque artist Annibale Carracci around 1603-1604. It depicts the biblical scene of the stoning of St. Stephen, the first Christian martyr, as described in the Book of Acts.

The painting is notable for its dramatic composition, emotional intensity, and Carracci's masterful use of light and shadow. It showcases the principles of the Bolognese School of painting, which emphasized classical ideals and naturalism. The work is typically characterized by a strong pyramidal arrangement, a clear and legible narrative, and a careful attention to anatomical detail.

The scene is typically divided into distinct groups: the onlookers, some of whom express horror or grief, the executioners actively casting stones, and St. Stephen himself, often depicted kneeling and looking upwards towards a divine light or vision of Christ. The use of color is often restrained, with earth tones and dramatic contrasts to heighten the emotional impact of the event.

Several versions or copies of the painting exist, potentially due to the work's popularity or workshop practices of the time. Its historical significance lies in its contribution to Baroque art and its interpretation of a key event in Christian history. The work reflects Carracci's ability to synthesize classical traditions with a heightened sense of realism and emotional expression.