Takht (music)

A takht (تخت) is a small, traditional ensemble of musicians common in Arabic classical music. The term literally translates to "platform" or "couch," reflecting the informal settings in which these ensembles often performed. The takht historically served as the primary performance context for Arab art music (often referred to as tarab) from the 19th century until around the 1930s.

The instrumentation of a typical takht includes:

• 'Ud (عود): A pear-shaped, fretless lute considered the "king" of Arabic instruments.
• Qanun (قانون): A zither-like instrument with a trapezoidal shape.
• Violin (كمان): Played in a manner that approximates the sounds of traditional Arab bowed string instruments.
• Nay (ناي): An end-blown flute, often made of reed.
• Riq (رق): A type of tambourine, often the only percussion instrument in the takht.
• Darbuka (دربكة): A goblet-shaped drum, sometimes included as an alternative or addition to the riq.

The lead instrument, often the 'ud or violin, would typically be responsible for improvisational sections (taqasim). The takht ensemble often accompanies a vocalist. The group creates a rich and ornamented sound through the interlocking melodies and rhythmic patterns of its constituent instruments, emphasizing improvisation within a modal framework (using maqamat). The takht has gradually been replaced by larger ensembles (often including Western instruments) since the mid-20th century but continues to be influential in contemporary Arabic music practice.