Tafwid

Tafwid (Arabic: تفويض) refers to the concept of delegation, authorization, or entrusting of authority in Islamic jurisprudence and theology. It encompasses various forms of assigning power or responsibility from one individual or entity to another. The specific meaning and scope of Tafwid can differ depending on the context, including legal, political, and theological discussions.

In legal contexts, Tafwid often describes the delegation of power by a ruler or leader to a representative or agent. This delegation could involve specific tasks or broader responsibilities related to governance or adjudication. The extent and limits of this delegation are typically defined by the terms of the agreement or the governing legal principles.

Within Islamic theology, Tafwid also carries significant weight concerning the relationship between God and humanity. Discussions about divine attributes sometimes involve the concept of Tafwid, particularly regarding the understanding of ambiguous or allegorical verses in the Quran (Mutashabihat). In this context, Tafwid can refer to the act of entrusting the true meaning of such verses solely to God, acknowledging the limitations of human comprehension in grasping the divine essence and attributes. This position emphasizes the importance of reverence and humility in interpreting religious texts.

Furthermore, the concept of Tafwid is relevant in discussions surrounding free will and divine decree (Qadar). One perspective suggests that God has delegated a certain degree of agency and autonomy to humans, allowing them to make choices and be accountable for their actions. This perspective attempts to reconcile the apparent tension between divine omnipotence and human responsibility.

The underlying principle of Tafwid is the transfer of power or responsibility, whether it be in earthly affairs or in understanding complex theological concepts. It highlights the dynamics of authority, representation, and the limits of human knowledge in relation to the divine.