Sunsum

Sunsum is a concept within Akan cosmology, particularly prevalent among the Akan people of Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. It refers to the spirit or soul that connects a person to the spiritual realm and influences their personality, character, and destiny.

The sunsum is believed to be derived from the father and is responsible for an individual's temperament, intelligence, and social standing. It is not static; rather, it can be strengthened or weakened by actions and experiences. Living a moral life, adhering to traditional customs, and engaging in ritual practices are thought to bolster the sunsum. Conversely, immoral behavior or neglecting ancestral customs can weaken it, leading to misfortune and illness.

Unlike the kra (soul derived from God), which is universal and returns to God upon death, the sunsum remains connected to the individual's lineage. It can be reincarnated within the family, influencing the traits of future generations.

Maintaining a strong and balanced sunsum is crucial for well-being in Akan belief. Diviners and traditional healers play a significant role in diagnosing problems related to the sunsum and prescribing appropriate remedies, which may involve rituals, sacrifices, or the observance of certain taboos. The health and vitality of the sunsum are inextricably linked to the individual's physical, mental, and spiritual health.