Spinellus

Spinellus is a genus of fungi belonging to the order Mucorales. These fungi are characterized by their pin-like or needle-like sporangiophores (the structures that bear the sporangia, which contain the spores). They are often referred to as "bonnet moulds" or "needle moulds" due to their appearance.

Spinellus species are typically found as saprophytes, meaning they obtain nutrients from decaying organic matter. They are frequently observed growing on other fungi, particularly various species of mushrooms, where they act as parasites or decomposers.

The distinguishing feature of Spinellus is the presence of the aforementioned sporangiophores, which are often elongated and ornamented. These sporangiophores project upwards from the colonized substrate, giving the appearance of tiny pins or needles stuck into the mushroom or other fungal host. The sporangia at the tips of the sporangiophores release spores for reproduction and dispersal.

Microscopic examination is crucial for accurate identification of Spinellus species, as different species within the genus may exhibit subtle variations in the morphology of their sporangiophores and sporangia. Identification typically involves observing characteristics such as the size, shape, and ornamentation of these structures.

Spinellus species contribute to the decomposition of organic matter in various ecosystems. While they may parasitize edible mushrooms, their impact on human interests is generally limited. Their presence is more significant in understanding fungal ecology and the complex interactions within fungal communities.