Spalting

Spalting is any form of wood discoloration caused by fungi. While often considered a defect in timber, spalting can also create highly sought-after visual effects, particularly in woodworking. The coloration is primarily caused by pigment produced by the various fungi involved. Three main types of spalting are commonly observed: pigmentations, zone lines, and white rot.

• Pigmentations: These are caused by fungi that produce brightly colored pigments within the wood cells. These pigments can be various shades of red, yellow, orange, brown, or green, depending on the species of fungus involved.

• Zone Lines: Zone lines, also known as pseudosclerotial plates, are dark lines formed in the wood where different fungal species interact and create boundary lines. These lines are a defense mechanism of the wood, attempting to compartmentalize and limit the spread of the fungi. The zone lines are often irregular and branching, contributing to the unique appearance of spalted wood.

• White Rot: This is a type of decay caused by fungi that break down lignin, the substance that gives wood its rigidity and color. White rot results in a bleaching effect, creating lighter, often mottled, areas within the wood. If uncontrolled, white rot can significantly weaken the wood's structural integrity.

The aesthetic value of spalted wood varies greatly depending on the species of wood and the fungi involved. Controlled spalting is sometimes artificially induced through specific environmental conditions to enhance the visual patterns without compromising the structural properties of the wood excessively. It is important to note that while spalted wood can be visually appealing, it is crucial to ensure that the decay is stabilized by thoroughly drying the wood to prevent further fungal activity. Working with spalted wood may also require precautions, as some fungi can be allergenic or produce toxins.