Soustelle

Soustelle refers primarily to Jacques Soustelle (1912-1990), a prominent French intellectual, anthropologist, and politician. He is a figure of considerable historical significance, known for his multifaceted career and controversial political stances.

Soustelle began his career as an anthropologist specializing in pre-Columbian civilizations, particularly the Aztec. He achieved recognition in this field and published several scholarly works on the subject.

His political career began after World War II. He joined the Gaullist movement, led by Charles de Gaulle, and became a key figure in the Rassemblement du Peuple Français (RPF). He held various ministerial positions, notably during the Fourth Republic.

Soustelle is perhaps most remembered for his role during the Algerian War (1954-1962). Initially serving as Governor-General of Algeria, he implemented reforms aimed at integrating the Algerian population. However, he later became a staunch advocate for Algérie française (French Algeria) and opposed Algerian independence. This position led to a significant political shift and eventually put him at odds with de Gaulle, who ultimately supported self-determination for Algeria.

Following Algerian independence, Soustelle went into exile, facing legal repercussions in France for his involvement in the Organisation armée secrète (OAS), a paramilitary group opposed to Algerian independence. He later returned to France after an amnesty and was eventually rehabilitated into French public life.

His legacy remains complex, marked by both intellectual achievements and controversial political choices related to colonialism and Algerian independence. Soustelle's career reflects the turbulent political landscape of mid-20th century France and the challenges posed by decolonization.