Source (journalism)

In journalism, a source is a person, document, record, or other item that provides information for a news report or story. Sources are crucial to the credibility and accuracy of journalistic work. Journalists rely on sources to gather facts, perspectives, and insights that form the basis of their reporting.

Types of Sources:

• On-the-record sources: These sources agree to have their names and statements directly attributed to them in a news story. This provides transparency and allows readers to assess the source's credibility.
• Off-the-record sources: Information from these sources cannot be used in the story. Journalists may use the information to guide their reporting or seek corroboration elsewhere, but they cannot attribute the information directly or indirectly to the source.
• On background sources: Journalists can use the information provided, but cannot identify the source by name. The source may be described by title or general affiliation (e.g., "a senior administration official").
• On deep background sources: Information can be used, but the source cannot be identified in any way. The information is attributed to an unnamed, vague source (e.g., "sources say").

Ethical Considerations:

Journalists have a responsibility to protect the identity of their sources, particularly when sources request anonymity due to potential risks or repercussions for providing information. This protection is often critical to encouraging individuals to come forward with important information that serves the public interest.

Source Verification:

Reputable journalists diligently verify information obtained from sources to ensure its accuracy and reliability. This process may involve cross-referencing information with multiple sources, consulting documents, and conducting independent research.

Source Motivation:

It is important for journalists to be aware of the potential motivations of their sources. Sources may have biases or agendas that could influence the information they provide. Critical journalists evaluate the credibility and potential biases of their sources to present a balanced and accurate account.