Shortwing (bird)

Shortwings are a group of small, mostly terrestrial birds belonging to the Old World babbler family, Timaliidae, or to families related to them depending on the taxonomic classification being followed. They are characterized by their relatively short wings, from which their name is derived. This morphological feature often correlates with a more sedentary lifestyle, with many shortwing species being relatively poor fliers and often inhabiting dense undergrowth in forests and scrubland.

These birds are generally found in Asia, particularly in the Himalayan region and Southeast Asia. Shortwings are typically secretive and difficult to observe, preferring to stay hidden within dense vegetation. Their plumage is often cryptic, featuring browns, olives, and grays that provide excellent camouflage against their surroundings.

Shortwings are primarily insectivorous, feeding on a variety of insects and other invertebrates found on the ground or in low vegetation. Some species may also supplement their diet with berries or seeds.

Their nests are typically built low to the ground, often in dense vegetation or concealed within banks or tree roots. They lay a small clutch of eggs, which are incubated by the female. Both parents usually participate in feeding the young.

The taxonomy of shortwings has been subject to change, with different authorities placing them in different families or genera. Some species formerly classified as shortwings have been moved to other groups based on genetic and morphological data. Some well-known genera that include species formerly or currently considered shortwings include Heteromunia and Brachypteryx.

Conservation status varies among shortwing species, with some being relatively common and widespread, while others are threatened by habitat loss and degradation. Deforestation, agricultural expansion, and other forms of habitat alteration pose significant threats to many shortwing populations.