Santhoor

The santoor is a trapezoid-shaped hammered dulcimer, a stringed musical instrument of Persian origin. It is traditionally associated with folk music but has gained prominence in Hindustani classical music, primarily through the efforts of Pandit Shivkumar Sharma, who adapted the instrument for classical performance.

The santoor typically features numerous strings stretched across a hollow wooden soundbox. These strings are struck with lightweight wooden mallets (often called mezrab) to produce a shimmering, resonant tone. The number of strings and bridges can vary depending on the specific instrument and its intended use. Modern concert santoors can have as many as 100 strings.

Playing techniques involve precise and rapid strokes with the mallets to create melodies, ornamentation, and drone-like accompaniment. The instrument's unique sound, characterized by its bright timbre and sustained notes, lends itself well to both melodic improvisation and complex rhythmic patterns.

While the santoor originated in Persia (Iran), where it is known as the santur, its adaptation and popularization in Hindustani classical music have solidified its place in the Indian musical tradition. Prominent contemporary santoor players besides Pandit Shivkumar Sharma include Rahul Sharma and Tarun Bhattacharya. The instrument's versatility and expressive capabilities have made it a popular choice for musicians exploring both traditional and contemporary musical styles.