SULT1A3

SULT1A3, also known as sulfotransferase family 1A member 3, is a human gene encoding a sulfotransferase enzyme. This enzyme belongs to the SULT1A family, which catalyzes the sulfonation of various substrates, including hormones, neurotransmitters, and xenobiotic compounds. Sulfonation, the transfer of a sulfuryl group (SO3) from 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to a substrate, alters the biological activity, solubility, and excretion of these molecules.

SULT1A3 exhibits specificity for particular substrates, although the precise range and relative activity towards different compounds may vary. Its activity contributes to the regulation of hormone levels, detoxification of drugs and environmental toxins, and modulation of neurotransmitter signaling. The enzyme is expressed in various tissues, including the liver, intestines, and brain, reflecting its diverse roles in metabolism and homeostasis.

Genetic variations in the SULT1A3 gene can lead to differences in enzyme activity and substrate specificity among individuals. These polymorphisms may influence an individual's response to certain medications, susceptibility to environmental toxins, and risk for certain diseases. Research into the SULT1A3 gene and its encoded enzyme focuses on understanding its role in human health and disease, as well as exploring its potential as a target for therapeutic interventions. The study of SULT1A3 is important for fields such as pharmacogenomics, toxicology, and personalized medicine.