Romulus (fabulist)

Romulus is the traditional name ascribed to the author of a collection of Latin prose fables, often referred to as the Aesopica or Romulus. The fables, heavily based on Greek sources, particularly the fables of Aesop, were widely circulated and adapted throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance.

The identity of "Romulus" is shrouded in mystery. There is no definitive historical evidence to confirm his real name, origin, or precise dating. Scholars generally believe the name "Romulus" may have been a pseudonym or simply a traditional ascription attached to the collection over time, potentially alluding to the legendary founder of Rome.

The fables attributed to Romulus are characterized by their simple prose style, moralistic tone, and inclusion of animal characters who speak and act in human-like ways. These fables served didactic purposes, imparting lessons about virtues, vices, and the importance of prudence. Common themes include the dangers of pride, the strength of unity, and the rewards of honesty.

The Romulus collection exists in various versions and recensions, reflecting its continuous transmission and adaptation over centuries. These versions differ in the number of fables included, the specific wording, and the addition of moral interpretations. Prominent versions include the Augustana (or Nilantiana) recension and the later versified adaptations by authors like Phaedrus and Avianus.

The influence of the Romulus fables on subsequent literature and folklore is significant. They provided a rich source of material for writers, preachers, and educators, contributing to the development of the fable genre and the dissemination of Aesopian motifs throughout Europe.