Qiji (monk)

Qiji (齊己), (c. 863 – c. 937), was the Buddhist name of Hu Dezhang (胡德璋), a Chinese Chan Buddhist monk and poet of the late Tang Dynasty and early Five Dynasties period. He is best known for his poetry, written in classical Chinese, and is considered a significant figure in the history of Chinese literature.

Qiji's early life is largely undocumented. He is believed to have been born in Tan Prefecture (present-day Changsha, Hunan Province). He entered monastic life at a young age and took the Buddhist name Qiji.

His poetry is characterized by its simple language, vivid imagery, and deep understanding of Buddhist principles. He often wrote about nature, meditation, and the impermanence of life. Qiji's poems reflect a blend of Chan Buddhist philosophy and Taoist influences, presenting a serene and contemplative worldview.

Following the fall of the Tang dynasty, Qiji traveled extensively, seeking patronage and continuing his poetic pursuits. His work earned him considerable recognition during his lifetime. He associated with prominent figures of the time and his poems were widely circulated.

Qiji's influence on later generations of Chinese poets is significant. His emphasis on simplicity and naturalness inspired many subsequent writers. His collected works, known as the Qiji Ji (齊己集), have been preserved and studied for centuries. Qiji remains a respected figure in Chinese literary history, celebrated for his profound poetic insights and his contributions to Chan Buddhist literature.