Pratiloma

Pratiloma (Sanskrit: प्रतिलोम) refers to "against the grain," "reversed," or "inverted." It is a concept found in various contexts, particularly in yoga and traditional Indian social structures.

In Yoga, Pratiloma Pranayama describes specific breathing techniques where the natural flow of breath is deliberately interrupted or reversed. These practices are generally considered advanced and are intended to purify the nadis (energy channels) and cultivate greater control over the breath and mind. Pratiloma Pranayama variations typically involve inhaling in segments with short pauses or suspending the breath between inhalation segments. The aim is to extend the length of the inhalation, stimulate energy flow, and enhance awareness.

In traditional Indian Social Stratification (Varna), Pratiloma Vivaha refers to a marriage where a woman marries a man of a lower varna (social class). This was traditionally considered against the natural social order and was generally frowned upon, in contrast to Anuloma Vivaha, where a man marries a woman of a lower varna. The concept of Pratiloma in this context highlights the hierarchical nature of the varna system and the emphasis on maintaining social boundaries. The implications and acceptance of Pratiloma Vivaha varied across different time periods and regions.