Kalari

Kalari, also known as Kalaripayattu, is an Indian martial art originating in Kerala. It is considered to be one of the oldest martial arts in existence.

Etymology: The word "Kalari" refers to the training space where the martial art is practiced. The term "payattu" translates to "practice" or "exercise."

History and Origins: Kalaripayattu's origins are steeped in legend and tradition, with some accounts tracing its roots back over 3,000 years. Historical evidence suggests it developed from ancient combat practices prevalent in South India. It played a crucial role in the military training of warriors and the defense of Kerala.

Styles: Kalaripayattu encompasses various styles, each with distinct characteristics and emphasis on different aspects of combat. Some of the major styles include:

• Northern Kalaripayattu (Vadakkan Kalari): Emphasizes flexibility, agility, and elaborate footwork. It often incorporates weapons training at an earlier stage.
• Southern Kalaripayattu (Thekkan Kalari): Focuses on grappling, close-quarters combat, and pressure point techniques (Marma Adi).
• Central Kalaripayattu (Madhya Kalari): Represents a blend of Northern and Southern styles.

Training: Kalaripayattu training is rigorous and demanding, typically beginning at a young age. It involves a multi-faceted approach that includes physical conditioning, weapon handling, unarmed combat techniques, and knowledge of traditional medicine. The training progressively builds the student's strength, stamina, flexibility, and combat skills.

Key Elements:

• Physical Conditioning: Involves exercises to develop strength, flexibility, and stamina.
• Footwork and Stances: Fundamental to Kalaripayattu, enabling agility and stability.
• Weapon Training: Utilizes a variety of weapons, including swords, daggers, spears, maces, and flexible weapons like the urumi (a flexible sword).
• Unarmed Combat: Focuses on strikes, kicks, grappling, and pressure point techniques.
• Marma Adi (Pressure Point Therapy): Involves the knowledge and application of pressure points for both offensive and healing purposes.
• Traditional Medicine: Kalaripayattu practitioners traditionally possess knowledge of Ayurveda and Siddha medicine to treat injuries and maintain health.

Contemporary Significance: While Kalaripayattu was historically practiced primarily for military purposes, it has evolved into a cultural art form. It is still practiced in Kerala and other parts of India, as well as internationally. It is often performed in cultural demonstrations and is gaining recognition as a holistic martial art and wellness practice. Its principles are sometimes incorporated into modern self-defense systems.