Polybia

Polybia is a genus of eusocial wasps belonging to the Vespidae family, specifically the Polistinae subfamily. These wasps are native to the Americas, primarily found in Central and South America, with some species extending into North America.

Polybia wasps are characterized by their complex social structures and nest-building behaviors. They live in colonies that can range in size from a few dozen to several thousand individuals. Colonies are typically founded by a swarm of workers, not a single queen, a process known as swarm-founding. This reproductive strategy is a key distinguishing feature of the genus.

Their nests are usually made of paper-like material constructed from chewed plant fibers mixed with saliva. Nest architecture varies considerably among species, ranging from simple, exposed combs to elaborate, multi-layered nests enclosed in a protective envelope. Nests can be found attached to trees, shrubs, buildings, or even underground.

Polybia wasps are known for their defensive behavior. When threatened, they can be aggressive and deliver painful stings. Their venom contains various compounds that can cause localized pain, swelling, and allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

The genus Polybia includes a significant number of species, each with its own unique characteristics and ecological role. They are important pollinators and play a role in controlling populations of other insects. Some species are also used in traditional medicine.