Poliosis
Poliosis is the localized absence of melanin in hair (including eyebrows and eyelashes), resulting in a white or grey patch of hair, while the surrounding hair retains its natural color. It can affect people of all ages and ethnicities.
Causes:
Poliosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Genetics: It can be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
- Autoimmune diseases: Conditions like vitiligo, alopecia areata, and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome can lead to poliosis.
- Inflammatory conditions: Certain inflammatory diseases affecting the skin, such as halo nevus, can be associated with poliosis.
- Nutritional deficiencies: Although less common, deficiencies in certain vitamins or minerals have been implicated.
- Medications: In rare cases, certain medications can cause poliosis.
- Infections: Certain infections have been linked to the condition.
- Injury: Trauma to the hair follicle can sometimes result in poliosis.
- Aging: Premature graying, while distinct, can sometimes be localized and resemble poliosis.
- Thyroid disorders: Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have been associated with poliosis.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis is typically based on a physical examination. A doctor may inquire about family history, medical history, and any medications the patient is taking. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to rule out other conditions. Further investigation into underlying conditions may be warranted depending on other symptoms.
Treatment:
There is no specific cure for poliosis itself. Treatment focuses on addressing any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the condition. Options for camouflaging the white patch of hair include:
- Hair dye: This is the most common and readily available option.
- Cosmetics: Makeup can be used to cover white patches in eyebrows or eyelashes.
In some cases, if the poliosis is caused by an underlying treatable condition, addressing that condition may potentially restore some pigmentation. However, this is not always the case.