Parameshvara (epithet)

Parameshvara is a Sanskrit epithet meaning "Supreme Lord" or "Highest Lord." It is a compound word derived from parama, meaning "supreme" or "highest," and ishvara, meaning "lord," "master," or "ruler." The term is widely used in Hinduism and is often applied to deities considered to be the ultimate reality or the supreme being, such as Shiva, Vishnu, or Brahman, depending on the specific theological tradition.

In Shaivism, Parameshvara is commonly used as an epithet for Shiva, emphasizing his role as the ultimate lord of the universe. Similarly, in Vaishnavism, it can be used for Vishnu. Within Advaita Vedanta, it can refer to Brahman, the attributeless Absolute.

The term signifies the deity's supreme authority, power, and control over the cosmos and its inhabitants. It is often employed in prayers, hymns, and scriptures to acknowledge and praise the deity's supreme nature. The concept of Parameshvara encapsulates the idea of a divine being that is not only powerful but also embodies the highest principles of righteousness and compassion. The title emphasizes the deity's position as the source and sustainer of all existence.