Pandosia (Lucania)

Pandosia was an ancient city in Lucania, a historical region of Southern Italy. Its exact location is uncertain, but it is generally believed to have been situated near the border of Lucania with Bruttium (modern Calabria), likely in the vicinity of modern-day Castrovillari or Laino Castello.

Pandosia is primarily known for its connection to Alexander the Great's uncle, Alexander of Epirus. Ancient sources, including Livy and Strabo, recount that Alexander of Epirus was warned by an oracle to beware of Pandosia and the Acheron River. Believing this referred to locations in Epirus, he instead campaigned in Italy. However, he was ultimately killed near the Lucanian Pandosia and a river which was indeed called Acheron, thus fulfilling the prophecy. The Acheron of Thesprotia in Epirus and the Acheron River of Lucania were both known for their association with the underworld in Greek mythology, adding to the tragic irony.

The historical significance of Pandosia stems largely from this single, pivotal event in the life of Alexander of Epirus and the subsequent literary and historical interest it generated. Beyond this, relatively little is known about the city's specific history or political importance. Archaeological evidence relating to Pandosia remains limited, contributing to the uncertainty surrounding its precise location and its role within the broader context of ancient Lucania.