Orestis (region)

Orestis was a region in Upper Macedonia, corresponding roughly to the modern Kastoria regional unit in Greece. It was located southwest of Lynkestis and north of Eordaea. Its name is derived from the mythical figure Orestes, son of Agamemnon, who according to some traditions, fled to this area after avenging his father's murder.

Orestis played a significant role in the history of the Argead dynasty of Macedon. According to Thucydides, the Argead kings originated from Orestis, migrating from there to Lower Macedonia and establishing their kingdom. This region was initially independent of the Macedonian kingdom, governed by its own local dynasts.

During the Peloponnesian War, Orestis experienced internal strife and was drawn into the conflict. Sirras, a local ruler of Orestis, is mentioned in connection with Macedonian affairs during this period.

Eventually, Orestis was incorporated into the Macedonian kingdom, likely during the reign of Philip II in the 4th century BC. After its integration, Orestis remained an important part of Macedonia, contributing soldiers and resources to the expanding kingdom. The region's strategic location ensured its continued significance throughout the Hellenistic and Roman periods.

The main city of Orestis was Celetrum (modern Kastoria), which became an important center of trade and culture. Other settlements in the region included Argos Orestikon, further confirming the connection with the mythical Orestes. After the Roman conquest, Orestis continued to be recognized as a distinct geographical and administrative entity within the province of Macedonia.