Forficula

Forficula is a genus of earwigs belonging to the family Forficulidae. It is one of the most widespread and commonly encountered genera within the order Dermaptera.

Characteristics: Members of the Forficula genus are typically characterized by their elongated bodies, prominent cerci (pincers) at the end of the abdomen, and well-developed wings in some species, though flight is not always observed. The cerci are used for defense, mating, and capturing prey. Coloration can vary between species but often includes shades of brown or reddish-brown.

Habitat and Distribution: Forficula species are found in a wide range of habitats, including gardens, fields, forests, and urban environments. They are globally distributed, with particularly high concentrations in temperate regions. They often seek shelter in damp, dark places under rocks, logs, and leaf litter.

Diet and Behavior: Forficula earwigs are generally considered omnivores, feeding on a variety of plant material, including leaves, flowers, and fruits, as well as small insects and decaying organic matter. They are primarily nocturnal. Female earwigs exhibit parental care, protecting and cleaning their eggs and newly hatched nymphs.

Notable Species: The most well-known species in this genus is Forficula auricularia, the European earwig, which is a common and widespread species often considered a pest in gardens and agriculture. Other Forficula species exist, exhibiting variations in morphology and behavior.

Taxonomy: The classification of species within the Forficula genus is subject to ongoing research and revision. New species are occasionally identified, and the relationships between existing species are refined through molecular and morphological analyses.