Oneira

Oneira (Ancient Greek: Ὄνειρα) are the personified spirits (daimones) of dreams in Greek mythology. They are the sons of Nyx (Night), either alone or with Erebus (Darkness). Their Roman counterparts are the Somnia.

Attributes and Functions:

The Oneira are responsible for bringing dreams to mortals and sometimes to the gods. They are depicted as winged beings, often black-skinned or swathed in shadows, reflecting the darkness of night and the ephemeral nature of dreams. They are said to dwell in a cave near the land of Hypnos (Sleep), from which they emerge to visit sleepers.

Different authors offer varying accounts of the number and names of the Oneira. Homer mentions only the "Dream" (Oneiros), sent by Zeus in the Iliad. Later writers, such as Hesiod, refer to the Oneira in the plural, suggesting a collective rather than a singular entity.

Notable Oneiroi:

While the specific names and roles vary depending on the source, some of the most frequently mentioned Oneiroi include:

• Morpheus: Perhaps the most well-known, Morpheus is associated with shaping the forms that appear in dreams. He can assume any human form and deceive sleepers.
• Icelus (or Phobetor): Responsible for bringing dreams of animals, reptiles, and monsters. He terrifies sleepers with nightmares.
• Phantasos: Brings dreams of inanimate objects, such as rocks, trees, and water.

Significance in Greek Culture:

Dreams held considerable importance in ancient Greece. They were often seen as messages from the gods, prophecies of the future, or reflections of the dreamer's subconscious. The Oneira, as the agents of these dreams, played a crucial role in shaping the religious and cultural beliefs of the time. Temples dedicated to Asclepius, the god of healing, frequently utilized incubation, a practice where supplicants would sleep in the temple in hopes of receiving healing dreams. These dreams were interpreted by priests, further solidifying the importance of dreams and, by extension, the Oneira in everyday life.