Offscreen (film)

In filmmaking, "offscreen" (sometimes written as "off-screen") refers to elements of the scene – such as characters, objects, actions, or sounds – that are not visible within the frame of the camera's shot but are implied to be present in the scene's diegetic space. These elements exist in the narrative world but are outside the immediate visual field presented to the audience.

Offscreen space plays a crucial role in creating a sense of a larger world beyond what is directly shown. It allows filmmakers to build suspense, suggest unseen dangers or opportunities, and create atmosphere. The use of offscreen sound, in particular, is a common technique to hint at offscreen events or characters. For instance, hearing a character's voice offscreen before they enter the frame can create anticipation. Similarly, hearing threatening sounds offscreen can build tension and fear.

The concept of offscreen space is directly related to the viewer's imagination and interpretation. By not showing everything, filmmakers can encourage the audience to actively participate in the construction of the scene's reality. Offscreen elements can also be strategically used to withhold information, manipulate perspective, and create surprise reveals when previously offscreen elements finally enter the frame.

Offscreen space is typically categorized into six areas surrounding the frame: to the left, to the right, above, below, behind the camera, and behind the set. Each of these areas represents potential sources of offscreen information and can be utilized by filmmakers to shape the audience's experience. The strategic use of offscreen space is an essential tool in cinematic storytelling.