Mespilus

Mespilus, commonly known as medlar, is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the rose family (Rosaceae). It is closely related to the hawthorn ( Crataegus ) and quince (Cydonia), and shares similar pomaceous fruit characteristics. The most well-known and commercially relevant species is Mespilus germanica, the common medlar.

Description:

Mespilus species are typically deciduous shrubs or small trees, reaching heights of up to 8 meters (26 feet). They are characterized by their thorny branches, simple, alternate leaves with finely toothed margins, and solitary, white or pale pink flowers that bloom in late spring or early summer.

The fruit of Mespilus is a pome, resembling a small apple or pear. However, unlike most other pomes, the medlar fruit is exceptionally hard and astringent when freshly harvested. It requires a process called "bletting" or "rotting" to become palatable. Bletting involves allowing the fruit to soften and partially decay, which reduces the tannins and acidity, resulting in a sweeter, more palatable flavor.

Species:

The two accepted species within the Mespilus genus are:

• Mespilus germanica - Common Medlar. Native to Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia.
• Mespilus canescens - Stern's Medlar. Extremely rare and possibly a hybrid. Found in Arkansas, United States. Its status as a true species is debated.

Cultivation and Uses:

Mespilus germanica has been cultivated for centuries for its fruit. The bletted fruit is traditionally eaten raw or used in preserves, jellies, jams, and liqueurs. The wood is hard and durable, and has been used for tool handles and other small woodworking projects. Medlar trees are also grown as ornamentals for their attractive flowers and foliage.

Historical Significance:

The medlar has a long history of cultivation and was mentioned in literature from ancient Greece and Rome. It was a popular fruit in medieval and Renaissance Europe, valued for its unique flavor and its ability to be stored for long periods. Its cultivation has declined in recent centuries, but it remains a curiosity and a niche crop in some regions.