Maulets (history)

The Maulets were the name given to supporters of Archduke Charles of Austria during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714), primarily in the territories of the Crown of Aragon, especially Catalonia and Valencia. The term is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Catalan word for "lout" or "boor," suggesting a perceived lack of sophistication or refinement. It was often used pejoratively by supporters of Philip V, the Bourbon claimant to the Spanish throne.

The Maulets generally favored maintaining their existing fueros (regional privileges and laws) and institutions, which they feared would be eroded under Bourbon centralizing policies. Their support for Archduke Charles stemmed from his promise to uphold these rights. Many Maulets came from the rural peasantry, artisans, and members of the lower nobility who feared losing their influence under a more centralized regime.

The conflict was not solely about succession; it also represented a clash between different visions of Spain. The Bourbon side, supported by Castile, aimed for a more unified and centralized state modeled after France. The Maulets and other pro-Austrian factions sought to preserve regional autonomy and traditional institutions.

Following the victory of Philip V, the fueros of the Crown of Aragon were largely abolished, leading to a period of political and cultural suppression. The term "Maulet" remained in use after the war as a symbol of Catalan and Valencian resistance to Castilian centralism. While its association with Austrian allegiance faded, it continued to represent a desire for regional autonomy and the preservation of local identity.