Mathematics (album)

Mathematics is the debut studio album by American rapper Mos Def, released on September 14, 1999, by Rawkus Records and Priority Records. The album is widely regarded as a significant contribution to the late 1990s alternative hip hop movement.

The album's title, "Mathematics," refers to the use of numerical and mathematical concepts interwoven throughout the lyrics and themes. Mos Def employs these concepts as metaphors and analogies to dissect social, political, and cultural issues affecting the African American community and broader society.

"Mathematics" features production from a variety of renowned hip hop producers including DJ Premier, Ali Shaheed Muhammad (of A Tribe Called Quest), Mr. Flash, and Diamond D. The diverse production styles contribute to the album's overall sonic landscape, which blends traditional boom-bap hip hop with jazz, soul, and funk influences.

Lyrically, Mos Def addresses topics such as poverty, police brutality, systemic inequality, and the struggles of everyday life. He is praised for his intelligent and thought-provoking lyrics, his complex rhyme schemes, and his ability to deliver socially conscious messages without being preachy or didactic.

The album spawned several singles, including "Ms. Fat Booty" and "Umi Says." "Mathematics" was a critical success and helped establish Mos Def as a leading figure in the alternative hip hop scene. The album is often cited as a landmark release in conscious hip hop and continues to be influential.