Makran (princely state)

Makran was a princely state in the Balochistan region, located on the coast of the Arabian Sea. It existed as a largely autonomous entity under British paramountcy and later as a state within Pakistan, until its integration into Balochistan province in 1955.

History

The region of Makran has a long and complex history, with various empires and dynasties vying for control over the centuries. Prior to the establishment of the princely state, Makran was often divided amongst numerous local chieftains and tribal leaders. The Aliani family, a Baloch clan, gradually rose to prominence and established control over much of the region.

The rulers of Makran held the title of Nawab. The state enjoyed a degree of internal autonomy, but its foreign policy and defense were largely managed by the British Raj following treaties and agreements establishing British paramountcy. Like other princely states, Makran maintained its own administration, legal system, and currency (to some extent), while acknowledging British authority.

Accession to Pakistan

With the independence of Pakistan in 1947, Makran acceded to the new dominion. The Nawab of Makran formally signed the Instrument of Accession, integrating the state into Pakistan.

Integration into Balochistan

In 1955, the princely states of Makran, Kharan, Las Bela, and Kalat were merged to form the Balochistan States Union. This union was short-lived, as in the same year, it was integrated into the newly formed province of West Pakistan as part of the "One Unit" scheme. Following the dissolution of the One Unit scheme in 1970, Balochistan became a separate province again, incorporating the former territories of the princely states, including Makran.

Geography and Economy

Makran's economy was primarily based on fishing, agriculture (in the coastal plains), and trade. Its strategic location on the Arabian Sea made it an important transit point for goods. The region is largely arid and sparsely populated.

Legacy

The legacy of the princely state of Makran continues to be felt in the region. The historical identity and cultural traditions of the Makrani people remain distinct within Balochistan. The former rulers of Makran and their descendants continue to hold a degree of influence in local politics and society.