Maghariba (Abbasid troops)

The Maghariba (المغاربة, meaning "Westerners" or "Men of the West" in Arabic) were a distinct element within the Abbasid Caliphate's military forces, primarily during the 9th and 10th centuries. They were drawn from the Berber populations of North Africa, particularly from the regions now encompassing modern-day Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia (the Maghreb).

These Berber soldiers were recruited into the Abbasid army for several reasons. Firstly, they were known for their martial prowess and were considered reliable fighters. Secondly, their recruitment diversified the Abbasid army's ethnic composition, reducing the reliance on other groups like the Turks, Khurasanis, and Arabs who often became embroiled in political power struggles within the Caliphate.

The Maghariba regiments often served as elite infantry units and were stationed in various parts of the Abbasid empire, including the capital Baghdad and other key garrison cities. They participated in numerous military campaigns and internal conflicts during the tumultuous period of the Abbasid decline.

However, like other foreign elements within the Abbasid army, the Maghariba were not immune to factionalism. Their presence sometimes led to tensions and conflicts with other ethnic groups within the military, vying for power and influence. Their loyalty to the Abbasid Caliph was often contingent on their pay and privileges, and mutinies were not uncommon when these were neglected.

The employment of Maghariba soldiers reflects the Abbasid Caliphate's reliance on foreign troops to maintain its power and project its authority. The Maghariba, alongside other groups like the Turkish ghilman, became increasingly influential in the later Abbasid period, sometimes even playing a significant role in the selection or deposition of Caliphs. The term Maghariba eventually became a general designation for North African soldiers employed in various Islamic armies beyond the Abbasid period as well.