MARC (archive)

MARC (''MAchine-Readable Cataloging'') is a standard format for encoding bibliographic information in machine-readable form. Developed by the Library of Congress, it's widely used by libraries, archives, and other organizations worldwide to manage and exchange cataloging data. The standard allows for the representation of various data elements related to a bibliographic resource, such as author, title, publisher, publication date, subject headings, and ISBN.

Different versions of MARC exist, each with its own specifications. Common versions include MARC21, which is the most widely used, and UNIMARC, used internationally by many organizations. These specifications detail the structure of the records, including field tags and subfield codes, allowing for precise and consistent representation of bibliographic data. The use of standard field tags and codes facilitates interoperability between different library systems and enables efficient searching and retrieval of information.

MARC records are typically composed of several fields, each identified by a unique three-digit tag. Subfields within each field further refine the data, specifying different elements of the bibliographic description. This structured approach allows for precise and detailed representation of a wide range of bibliographic resources, including books, serials, maps, and audiovisual materials. The standardization provided by MARC significantly contributes to the efficiency and effectiveness of library and archival operations globally.

The continued development and maintenance of MARC standards are essential to ensuring the long-term viability of bibliographic information systems. Regular updates address emerging needs and technologies, allowing MARC to remain relevant in the evolving landscape of library and information science.