Loire Campaign (1429)

The Loire Campaign refers to a series of military actions that took place during the Hundred Years' War in 1429, primarily focused on relieving the siege of Orléans and securing the Loire River valley for the Dauphin Charles, later Charles VII of France. This campaign marked a significant turning point in the war, shifting momentum decisively in favor of the French.

The campaign was sparked by the dire situation in Orléans, a strategically vital city besieged by English forces. Joan of Arc, a young peasant woman who claimed divine guidance, arrived at Chinon and convinced the Dauphin Charles of her mission to liberate France. Granted command of a relief army, Joan of Arc, along with experienced commanders such as Jean de Dunois (the Bastard of Orléans), led the French forces.

The initial phase involved breaking the English siege lines around Orléans. This was achieved through a series of successful assaults on English fortifications, including the capture of the Bastille Saint-Loup, the Bastille de Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, and Les Tourelles. The siege of Orléans was effectively lifted on May 8, 1429.

Following the relief of Orléans, the French army continued its offensive to secure the Loire valley. Key battles and sieges included the Battle of Jargeau (June 12), the Battle of Meung-sur-Loire (June 15), the Battle of Beaugency (June 17), and the decisive Battle of Patay (June 18). Patay resulted in a crushing defeat for the English, decimating their field army and significantly weakening their position in the region.

The Loire Campaign not only liberated Orléans and much of the Loire valley but also restored French morale and confidence. The series of victories demonstrated Joan of Arc's leadership and inspired a renewed sense of national unity. The campaign paved the way for Charles VII's coronation at Reims Cathedral later in the year, a crucial step in legitimizing his claim to the French throne. The Loire Campaign remains a pivotal event in French history and the Hundred Years' War.