List of grand chiefs (Mi'kmaq)

The Grand Chief (Mi'kmaq: Kji-Saqmaw) is a traditional leadership role within the Mi'kmaq First Nation. This individual serves as a spiritual and political leader, representing the Mi'kmaq people as a whole, often across various districts or communities. The position is rooted in Mi'kmaq traditional governance and is distinct from modern band council leadership structures.

The Grand Chief’s authority historically stemmed from respect earned through wisdom, experience, and dedication to the Mi'kmaq people. Their responsibilities included upholding Mi'kmaq laws, customs, and traditions; representing the Mi'kmaq Nation in relations with other Indigenous groups and colonial powers; and resolving disputes within and between Mi'kmaq communities.

Traditionally, the Grand Chief was selected through a consensus-based process involving district chiefs and other respected community members. The specific selection methods and responsibilities could vary somewhat across different Mi'kmaq communities. The Grand Chief’s council, composed of district chiefs and other advisors, played a crucial role in decision-making.

Documenting a definitive list of all past Grand Chiefs is challenging due to historical gaps and reliance on oral tradition. Names and dates may vary depending on the source and interpretation. However, efforts have been made to compile lists based on historical records, oral histories, and scholarly research. These lists are often considered works in progress as new information emerges.

It is important to note that the role of the Grand Chief has evolved over time, particularly in response to colonization and the imposition of external governance systems. Today, the Grand Chief often works in conjunction with band council leaders and other Mi'kmaq organizations to advocate for Mi'kmaq rights and interests. While modern band councils deal with day-to-day governance and administration within specific reserves or communities, the Grand Chief maintains a broader leadership role, representing the Mi'kmaq Nation on issues of treaty rights, cultural preservation, and self-determination.