Lintel

A lintel (also called a headstone or header) is a horizontal structural member that spans an opening in a wall or building. It supports the load from the structure above the opening, transferring it to the adjacent wall supports, such as columns, pillars, or the wall itself. Lintels are commonly used above doors, windows, fireplaces, and other similar openings.

The primary function of a lintel is to provide structural support and prevent the collapse of the wall above the opening. Without a lintel, the weight of the wall above would bear directly on the opening, potentially causing the wall to crack, sag, or even collapse.

Lintels can be made from a variety of materials, including:

• Wood: Traditionally used, but less common now due to fire risk and susceptibility to rot and insects.
• Stone: Strong and durable, but can be heavy and difficult to work with.
• Concrete: A common and versatile material, often reinforced with steel.
• Steel: Strong and durable, particularly when used as rolled steel joists (RSJs) or steel beams.
• Brick: Can be used to create arch-shaped lintels (though technically arches, they serve the same function as lintels).

The selection of the appropriate lintel material depends on factors such as the size of the opening, the load it needs to support, the architectural style, and the available budget. The design of a lintel requires careful calculation to ensure that it is strong enough to carry the load without deflecting excessively or failing.