Line of Contact (Nagorno-Karabakh)

The Line of Contact (Nagorno-Karabakh) was a heavily militarized border zone that separated the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) and Azerbaijan from 1994 until its dissolution following the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive. Established after the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, it represented the de facto boundary between areas controlled by Armenian forces and those controlled by Azerbaijan.

Description:

The Line of Contact was not a formally demarcated border, but rather a series of entrenched positions, fortified areas, and minefields spanning the mountainous terrain. It was characterized by a high degree of militarization on both sides, with regular exchanges of fire and sniper activity. The landscape along the Line of Contact varied greatly, ranging from high mountain passes to valleys and agricultural land.

Significance:

The Line of Contact was a flashpoint for tensions between Armenia and Azerbaijan, representing the unresolved territorial dispute over Nagorno-Karabakh. Ceasefire agreements were frequently violated, leading to casualties on both sides. International efforts to mediate a lasting peace agreement were largely unsuccessful while the Line of Contact remained in place. It symbolized the enduring legacy of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and the ongoing conflict between the two nations. Control over the territory adjacent to the Line of Contact was a key strategic objective for both sides.

Dissolution:

The Line of Contact ceased to exist following Azerbaijan's large-scale military offensive in September 2023. The offensive resulted in the rapid collapse of Artsakh's defenses, the displacement of the Armenian population, and the full reintegration of the region into Azerbaijan.