Language Question (Malta)
The Language Question (Malta) refers to a complex sociopolitical debate that dominated Maltese society from the late 19th century until the mid-20th century. The central issue revolved around the official language(s) of Malta, particularly the roles and status of Maltese, Italian, and English in education, law, government, and culture.
Key aspects of the Language Question included:
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The Status of Maltese: Advocates for the Maltese language pushed for its recognition and development as a national language, worthy of study and use in formal settings. This was often seen as a means of asserting Maltese national identity and cultural independence.
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The Role of Italian: Italian had long been the language of the elite, used in law, education, and administration. Pro-Italian factions argued for its continued prominence, often viewing it as a link to European culture and civilization. Some considered it crucial for Maltese access to higher education and professional opportunities.
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The Influence of English: As Malta was a British colony, English was increasingly introduced into the administration, legal system, and education. Supporters of English saw it as essential for economic advancement and integration into the British Empire.
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Political and Social Divisions: The Language Question became deeply intertwined with Maltese politics and social divisions. Political parties and social groups aligned themselves with one or another language position. This created significant tension and shaped the political landscape of the time.
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Education: The language of instruction in schools was a major point of contention. The debate centred around which language would best prepare Maltese citizens for the future and which would best preserve their cultural heritage.
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The Second World War: The Second World War significantly impacted the Language Question. Italian was viewed with suspicion due to Italy's alignment with the Axis powers. This contributed to a decline in the prestige of Italian and a rise in the importance of English and Maltese.
The Language Question was eventually resolved in favor of Maltese and English as the official languages of Malta. Maltese was officially recognized as the national language. Italian retains a cultural presence but no longer holds official status.