Kamienna (river)

The Kamienna is a river in south-central Poland, a right tributary of the Vistula. It flows through the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains) and the areas surrounding the cities of Starachowice and Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski. The river is approximately 138 kilometers (86 miles) long and has a drainage basin of 1,294 square kilometers (500 square miles).

The Kamienna has played a significant role in the industrial history of the region, particularly in relation to iron ore mining and processing. Its waters were used to power water mills and machinery involved in smelting and forging. Numerous historic industrial sites are located along its course.

The river is known for its relatively high water quality in some sections, but can be subject to pollution from both industrial and agricultural sources in other areas. Efforts are ongoing to improve water quality and preserve the river's ecosystem. The Kamienna's fauna includes various species of fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. The surrounding landscape is characterized by forests, meadows, and agricultural lands.