Kaiaphas

Kaiaphas, also spelled Caiaphas, was the Jewish high priest who, according to the New Testament Gospels, presided over the Sanhedrin trial of Jesus. His full name was Joseph Caiaphas. He served as high priest from approximately AD 18 to AD 36, a notably long tenure, appointed by the Roman prefect Valerius Gratus and maintained in power by Pontius Pilate.

The Gospels portray Kaiaphas as playing a central role in the events leading to the crucifixion of Jesus. He is depicted as being concerned about the potential for unrest among the people that Jesus' growing popularity might incite, and the possible intervention of the Roman authorities to suppress any perceived rebellion. According to the Gospel of John, Kaiaphas advocated for the death of Jesus, arguing that it was better for "one man to die for the people, than that the whole nation should perish."

Beyond the Gospels, Kaiaphas is mentioned by the Roman historian Josephus. Josephus confirms his tenure as high priest and notes his deposition by the Roman proconsul Vitellius.

The historicity of the Gospel accounts of Kaiaphas' role in the trial of Jesus has been subject to scholarly debate. Some scholars argue that the Gospel accounts are historically accurate, while others believe they may reflect later theological concerns of the early Christian community. However, the existence of Caiaphas as high priest during the relevant period is not disputed.

An ossuary bearing the inscription "Joseph son of Caiaphas" was discovered in Jerusalem in 1990. This is widely believed to be the burial place of the Caiaphas of the Gospels, providing archaeological evidence for his existence. The ossuary is now housed in the Israel Museum.