John Carver (board policy)

John Carver’s board governance model, often referred to as Policy Governance, is a comprehensive system designed to empower governing boards of organizations, particularly non-profits and public sector entities, to lead effectively and ethically. The core principle of Policy Governance is that the board is accountable to the "owners" of the organization (e.g., the community, the members, the electorate) and is responsible for defining the ends (results) to be achieved, and setting the boundaries within which the organization’s staff can operate to achieve those ends.

Key elements of Policy Governance include:

• Ends Policies: These policies define the results the organization exists to achieve for its intended beneficiaries. They articulate the organization's purpose and desired impact in a clear and measurable way. These policies focus on "what" the organization should accomplish, not "how" it should accomplish it.

• Executive Limitations Policies: These policies define the boundaries within which the chief executive officer (or equivalent) can operate. They prevent unacceptable actions or situations from occurring while allowing the executive significant latitude in determining the "how." Executive Limitations are typically phrased negatively, prohibiting certain behaviors or conditions.

• Governance Process Policies: These policies define how the board itself will operate. They cover topics such as board roles and responsibilities, meeting procedures, communication protocols, and board member conduct. These policies ensure the board functions effectively and efficiently.

• Board-Staff Linkage Policies: These policies define how the board and the chief executive officer (or equivalent) will interact. They establish expectations for communication, reporting, and monitoring of performance. These policies clarify the relationship between the board and the management team.

A central tenet of Policy Governance is the concept of "delegation with prudence." The board delegates authority to the chief executive officer (or equivalent) within the boundaries defined by the Executive Limitations policies. The board then monitors the organization’s performance against the Ends policies and compliance with the Executive Limitations policies. The CEO is held accountable for achieving the Ends within the constraints set by the Executive Limitations.

Policy Governance emphasizes strategic thinking, long-term planning, and a focus on outcomes rather than inputs. It promotes accountability and transparency and enables boards to lead proactively rather than reactively. The model encourages boards to focus on the big picture and empower management to handle the day-to-day operations.