John Bull (priest)

John Bull (c. 1562 – March 12/13, 1628) was an English composer, musician, and clergyman. He is best known as a composer of keyboard music and for his role as organist at various prestigious institutions, including Hereford Cathedral, the Chapel Royal, and Antwerp Cathedral.

Bull received his early musical training as a choirboy in the Chapel Royal. He served as organist at Hereford Cathedral starting around 1582, and in 1586, he became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal. He earned degrees from both Oxford and Cambridge universities.

His musical compositions are primarily for keyboard instruments, particularly the organ and virginal. He was a virtuoso performer and his works are technically demanding, showcasing a complex and innovative style. Many of his pieces are variations on popular tunes, preludes, and fantasias. He is considered a significant figure in the development of English keyboard music during the late Elizabethan and Jacobean periods.

In 1613, Bull left England and entered the service of the Archduke Albert in Brussels. He later became the organist of Antwerp Cathedral in 1617, a position he held until his death.

The circumstances surrounding his departure from England are not entirely clear, but it is believed he may have fled the country due to allegations of adultery or other scandal. His time abroad saw him embroiled in further controversies, including accusations of heresy.

Despite the controversies surrounding his personal life, John Bull's musical contributions remain highly regarded. His innovative keyboard works are still studied and performed today, cementing his place as a major figure in English musical history.