Japamala

A Japamala, also known as a mala, is a string of beads traditionally used in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism for counting repetitions of mantras, prayers, or affirmations. It is similar to rosaries used in other religions.

The word "Japamala" is derived from the Sanskrit words "japa" meaning "repetition" (of a mantra or name of a deity) and "mala" meaning "garland."

A typical Japamala consists of 108 beads, although other bead counts are sometimes used. A larger "guru bead" or "meru bead" is typically placed at the end of the string, marking the beginning and end of the cycle of 108 repetitions. Often, a tassel is attached to the guru bead.

When using a Japamala, the user holds the mala in their hand and uses their fingers (typically the thumb and middle finger) to move the beads one by one as they recite their mantra or prayer. The index finger is usually avoided. The mala is typically draped over the middle finger and the thumb is used to pull the next bead into place after each repetition. Upon reaching the guru bead, one turns the mala around and begins counting in the opposite direction, rather than crossing over the guru bead, which is considered disrespectful in some traditions.

The materials used to make Japamalas vary widely, depending on the tradition and the desired effect. Common materials include wood (such as sandalwood, tulsi, or bodhi seeds), seeds (such as rudraksha seeds), gemstones, and bones. The specific material is often chosen for its perceived energetic properties or connection to a particular deity.

The use of a Japamala aids in focusing the mind during meditation and serves as a tangible aid to keep track of the number of repetitions. It is a tool for both beginners and experienced practitioners in their spiritual practice. The Japamala itself is often considered a sacred object.