IBM 604

The IBM 604 Electronic Calculating Punch was an early electronic digital computer introduced by IBM in 1948. It was not a general-purpose computer, but rather a specialized machine designed to perform calculations based on data read from punched cards. The 604 used vacuum tubes for its arithmetic logic and control circuits, marking a significant advancement over earlier electromechanical calculators.

The primary input and output medium for the IBM 604 was the punched card. Data and program instructions were read from cards, and results were punched onto other cards. The 604 could perform a variety of arithmetic operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The calculations were controlled by a plugboard, which allowed users to configure the machine for specific tasks by wiring together different components.

The IBM 604 was widely used in business and scientific applications. It found particular application in accounting, payroll processing, and statistical analysis. Due to its speed and flexibility compared to previous mechanical calculators, the 604 significantly improved efficiency in these areas.

The IBM 604 was often used in conjunction with other IBM punched card machines, such as the IBM 402 Accounting Machine, to form a complete data processing system. This combination of machines allowed for more complex data manipulation and reporting capabilities.

The 604 was eventually superseded by more powerful and versatile electronic computers, but it played an important role in the transition from electromechanical to electronic data processing and helped pave the way for the development of modern computing technology.