Hydroplane (boat)

A hydroplane is a high-speed boat that uses hydrodynamic lift to skim over the surface of the water when moving quickly. This lift is generated by the boat's hull design, which incorporates planing surfaces (often called "planes") designed to redirect water flow downwards. As the boat's speed increases, the water pressure on these planes increases, generating an upward force that lifts the hull partially or completely out of the water. This reduces drag and allows the boat to achieve significantly higher speeds than displacement hulls, which remain fully submerged.

Hydroplanes come in various forms, typically categorized by hull configuration. Common types include:

• Three-point hydroplanes: These have two sponsons (projections extending from the main hull) at the front and a single propeller and rudder assembly at the rear, creating three points of contact with the water at high speed. This design is common in racing.

• Step hydroplanes: These feature a transverse "step" or break in the hull. Air is drawn beneath the hull at the step, further reducing drag and increasing lift.

• Prop-riding hydroplanes: These designs rely on the propeller to generate significant lift in addition to propulsion.

Hydroplanes are often used in racing, where their high speeds make them exciting competitors. They also have applications in recreational boating, although their specialized design often requires skilled operation. The materials used in hydroplane construction vary, ranging from wood and fiberglass to advanced composites like carbon fiber, depending on the intended use and performance requirements. Safety is a paramount concern in hydroplane design and operation, as the high speeds involved can lead to serious accidents.