HOXD10

HOXD10 is a human gene encoding a transcription factor protein, Homeobox D10. It is a member of the homeobox gene family, specifically belonging to the HoxD gene cluster. These genes play a critical role in embryonic development, particularly in specifying segment identity along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing embryo.

Function:

HOXD10 functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor, regulating the expression of downstream target genes involved in a variety of developmental processes. In particular, it is important for limb development, vertebral column formation, and nervous system development. It influences cell differentiation, migration, and apoptosis during embryogenesis. HOXD10 is often involved in specifying the identity of posterior body regions.

Location:

The HOXD10 gene is located on chromosome 2 at position 2q31.1. This chromosomal region contains the HoxD gene cluster, which includes several other Hox genes with similar functions.

Regulation:

The expression of HOXD10 is tightly regulated during development, often by other transcription factors and signaling pathways. Retinoic acid signaling is known to influence Hox gene expression, including HOXD10. Proper temporal and spatial expression of HOXD10 is crucial for normal development.

Clinical Significance:

Mutations and dysregulation of HOXD10 expression have been implicated in various developmental disorders and diseases. While specific mutations are rare, altered HOXD10 expression has been associated with certain types of skeletal abnormalities, neurological disorders, and even some cancers. Further research is ongoing to fully elucidate the role of HOXD10 in human disease.

Interactions:

HOXD10 interacts with other proteins, including other transcription factors and chromatin remodeling complexes, to regulate gene expression. These interactions are essential for its function in developmental processes. The specific protein interaction network of HOXD10 is complex and still being investigated.