HOMER2

HOMER2 is a gene that encodes a member of the Homer family of postsynaptic scaffolding proteins. These proteins are crucial for organizing and regulating the function of excitatory synapses in the brain.

Homer proteins are characterized by an N-terminal EVH1 domain that binds to proline-rich sequences found in a variety of synaptic proteins, including metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), IP3 receptors, and Shank proteins. Through these interactions, Homer proteins form large protein complexes that link postsynaptic receptors to intracellular signaling pathways and the actin cytoskeleton.

HOMER2 exists in multiple isoforms generated by alternative splicing. These isoforms can be classified into two main groups: short, constitutively expressed isoforms (e.g., HOMER2a) and long, activity-regulated isoforms (e.g., HOMER2b/c). Short isoforms are thought to act as constitutive scaffolds, while long isoforms are induced by neuronal activity and can disrupt the interactions of short isoforms, leading to dynamic changes in synaptic function.

HOMER2 plays a role in synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, and the development of neuronal circuits. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. Research continues to investigate the specific roles of HOMER2 isoforms in these conditions and their potential as therapeutic targets. The gene encoding HOMER2 is located on chromosome 17q12.