Gruoch

Gruoch (c. 1015 – c. 1060) was a Scottish noblewoman and Queen consort of Scotland through her marriage to King Macbeth of Scotland. She is a significant figure in history, primarily known for being the historical inspiration behind Lady Macbeth in William Shakespeare's play Macbeth.

Gruoch was likely a member of the Cenél Loairn, a kindred group centered in Moray. Her paternal grandfather is believed to be Kenneth III of Scotland. Her first husband was Gille Coemgáin, Mormaer of Moray, with whom she had a son, Lulach, who would later briefly reign as King of Scotland. Gille Coemgáin was killed in 1032, likely by Macbeth.

Gruoch subsequently married Macbeth, probably around 1032, thereby uniting two factions vying for power. There is no historical evidence to suggest that Gruoch instigated or participated in the murder of King Duncan I, the event which forms the centerpiece of Shakespeare's play. In fact, historical accounts paint a picture of Macbeth's reign as being relatively prosperous and just.

Following Macbeth's death in 1057, Gruoch’s son Lulach briefly became King before being overthrown and killed. Gruoch likely retired to a monastery or religious community after these events. The details of her life after Macbeth's death are scarce and largely unconfirmed. While Shakespeare’s portrayal of Gruoch as Lady Macbeth has cemented her place in popular culture, it is important to note that the Shakespearean character is a dramatic reimagining of a real historical figure, with significant deviations from what is historically known.