Gossain

A Gossain (also spelled Gosain, Goswami, or Gosawi) is a Hindu religious title and surname, primarily associated with members of certain ascetic or monastic orders, particularly those following the Shaiva (Shiva-centered) tradition. The term generally denotes someone who has mastered their senses and worldly desires ("go" referring to senses, and "swami" meaning master).

The term is used across various regions of India, including but not limited to, Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. Historically, Gossains were often wandering ascetics, teachers, and religious leaders who played a significant role in disseminating religious knowledge and practices.

In some communities, Gossain can also refer to a priestly class or a land-owning group with strong religious affiliations. Over time, the surname has been adopted by individuals whose ancestors may have been associated with such ascetic orders, even if they themselves do not actively practice asceticism. The specific traditions and practices associated with Gossains vary considerably depending on the particular sect or lineage they belong to.